Swine Flu: The Facts

Apr 29 2009 Birmingham Mail

Q: How dangerous is it?
A: Thousands of people have been made ill by swine flu - with some cases proving fatal.
The World Health Organisation has warned the outbreak has "pandemic potential" and countries have been advised to step up surveillance and preparation in case the infection spreads rapidly.
Flu viruses have the ability to change and mutate, making it difficult for drugs manufacturers to ensure effective vaccines are available.
The new version of the H1N1 virus is a mix of different animal and human versions of the disease. Mixing can lead to the development of changed viruses to which humans have little immunity.
However, testing has shown that the antiviral drugs oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) appear to be effective against the human swine influenza H1N1 strain.

Q: What is a pandemic?
A: If the flu spreads over a wide geographic area and affects a large proportion of the population it goes beyond an epidemic and becomes a pandemic.
According to the Health Protection Agency, an influenza pandemic is defined as a new or novel influenza virus that spreads easily between humans.
When new influenza viruses are introduced into the environment, humans do not have any natural immunity to protect against them.
Therefore, there is a risk that new influenza viruses could develop into a pandemic if the virus passes easily from human-to-human.

Q: What is being done in the UK to prevent the spread of the infection?
A: Seven people who were in contact with the two infected individuals in Scotland are being "appropriately cared for" after showing "mild" symptoms which have not been confirmed as swine flu. They are receiving drugs at home, not in hospital.
The HPA has advised people to follow general infection control practices and good hygiene to reduce transmission of all viruses.
This includes covering their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, disposing of dirty tissues promptly and carefully, washing hands frequently with soap and water and cleaning surfaces which are regularly touched.
The Foreign Office is also advising Britosn to avoid all but essential travel to Mexico.